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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 40(4): 1100-1111, jul.-ago. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-961283

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La biología de los gliomas malignos se asocia con el balance de la expresión de las proteínas que controlan de manera positiva o negativa el ciclo celular, la proliferación, la motilidad, la neoformación vascular y el reconocimiento del sistema inmune. La frecuencia de las alteraciones genéticas que están presentes en GBM2 y GBM1 son diferentes así como la edad de los pacientes en la que se presentan. Mientras que los GBM1 suelen aparecer en edades más tardías, alrededor de los 60-70 años, los GBM2 suelen presentarse en edades más tempranas, 40-50 años. En la génesis del glioblastoma existen alteraciones moleculares a nivel de genes supresores de tumores, oncogenes y genes reparadores de ADN (AU).


ABSTRACT The glioblastoma it is the primary wicked tumor of the central nervous system more common in adults and it invariably associates to a bad presage. The biology of the wicked gliomas associates with the balance of the expression of the proteins that they control of positive way or negative the cellular cycle, the proliferation, the motility, the vascular neoformation and the recognition of the immune system. The frequency of the genetic alterations that they are present in GBM2 and GBM1 is different. While the GBM1 usually appears in later ages, around the 60-70 years, the GBM2 usually presents in earlier ages, 40-50 years. In the genesis of the glioblastoma exist molecular alterations at level of suppressive genes of tumors (GST), oncogenes and reparative genes of DNA (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Oncogenes/genetics , Biology/classification , DNA/classification , Patients , Proteins , Cell Cycle , Genes, Suppressor , Glioblastoma , Genes/genetics
2.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2017. 179 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-847737

ABSTRACT

O câncer de pulmão é a principal causa de morte relacionada ao câncer no mundo. Mutações em KRAS são altamente prevalentes no câncer e têm sido diretamente associadas ao processo tumorigênico. Apesar disso, até hoje todas as terapias visando inibir KRAS diretamente falharam e a caracterização de alvos indiretos, importantes para a oncogênese mediada por KRAS, é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de novas terapias contra o câncer de pulmão. Nós mostramos previamente que as quinases Aurora A (AURKA) e B (AURKB) são alvos a jusante de KRAS, importantes para o crescimento, viabilidade e oncogenicidade de linhagens celulares derivadas de tumores pulmonares mediados por KRAS. Aqui, nós aprofundamos os nossos estudos para melhor caracterizar AURKA e AURKB como potenciais alvos terapêuticos no câncer de pulmão. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram (1) investigar o mecanismo de perda de viabilidade induzido pela inibição de AURKA e/ou AURKB; (2) avaliar como a inibição de AURKA e/ou AURKB afeta propriedades oncogênicas relacionadas à agressividade tumoral; e (3) como a inibição destas quinases afeta o crescimento tumoral in vivo. Para tanto, nós utilizamos dois modelos celulares: (1) células A549 e H358, que apresentam mutações em KRAS, geneticamente modificadas para a expressão estável e induzível de shRNAs contra AURKA ou AURKB, e (2) células tumorais H1703, que não apresentam mutações em KRAS, geneticamente modificadas para a expressão induzível de KRASG12V, tratadas ou não com inibidores farmacológicos das quinases Aurora. A inibição farmacológica ou por interferência de RNA de AURKA e/ou AURKB em células H358 e A549 reduziu a proliferação celular, sendo esta inibição acompanhada de anomalias mitóticas, além de aneuploidia e poliploidia. A inibição destas quinases também induziu morte celular in vitro, tanto em mitose, quanto em interfase. Mais interessantemente, a inibição farmacológica dual de AURKA e AURKB induziu morte celular in vitro em células H1703, somente na presença de KRASG12V, indicando que a inibição das quinases Aurora afeta preferencialmente células portadoras de mutações em KRAS. Além disso, a inibição de AURKA e/ou AURKB reduziu propriedades malignas celulares relacionadas à agressividade tumoral, como migração, invasão e adesão. Finalmente, a inibição de AURKA por RNA de interferência em células A549 também reduziu a formação de tumores in vivo. Entretanto, como a inibição destas quinases levou a anomalias mitóticas e à instabilidade genética, nós resolvemos investigar se a inibição de TPX2, um substrato e ativador de AURKA, poderia ser uma abordagem alternativa para inibir esta via em câncer de pulmão induzido por KRAS. Primeiramente, nós observamos nos nossos modelos celulares que KRAS regula positivamente a expressão de TPX2. Além disso, a inibição de TPX2 em células pulmonares portadoras de KRAS oncogênica reduziu a viabilidade e proliferação celulares e induziu morte celular. Mais interessantemente, esses efeitos ocorreram preferencialmente em células que expressam KRAS oncogênica. Em conclusão, nossos resultados apoiam a hipótese de que a ativação de AURKA/TPX2 e AURKB por KRAS são eventos importantes no câncer de pulmão e sugerem a inibição destas vias, possivelmente em combinação com outras terapias citotóxicas, como uma nova abordagem terapêutica para o câncer de pulmão induzido por KRAS


Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. KRAS mutations are widespread in lung cancer and have been causally linked to tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, therapies targeting KRAS directly have so far failed and characterization of indirect KRAS targets, which play important roles in KRAS-mediated oncogenesis, is crucial for the development of new therapies for lung cancer. We have previously shown that mitotic kinases Aurora A (AURKA) and B (AURKB) are downstream targets of oncogenic KRAS, important for the growth, viability, and oncogenicity of KRAS-transformed lung cancer cell lines. Here, we studied these kinases more in depth in order to better characterize them as potential therapeutical targets for KRAS-induced lung cancer. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the mechanism leading to loss of viability upon AURKA and/or AURKB targeting; (2) to evaluate how AURKA and/or AURKB inhibition affects malignant properties associated with tumor aggressiveness; and (3) to determine whether AURKA and/or AURKB inhibition reduces KRAS-induced tumor growth in vivo. For that purpose, we used two cell-based models: (1) KRAS mutant A549 and H358 cells with stable and inducible shRNA-mediated knockdown of AURKA or AURKB, and (2) KRAS wildtype H1703 tumor cell lines, genetically engineered to inducibly express oncogenic KRASG12V treated or not with Aurora kinase pharmacological inhibitors. Targeting AURKA and/or AURKB pharmacologically or by RNA interference in H358 and A549 cells led to decreased cell proliferation, which was accompanied by mitotic abnormalities, leading to aneuploidy and hyperploidy. Aurora kinase targeting also induced cell death in vitro, both during mitosis and interphase. More importantly, AURKA and AURKB inhibition with a dual pharmacological inhibitor in H1703 cells induced cell death in vitro, but only in the presence of KRASG12V, indicating that Aurora kinase targeting affects preferentially lung cells harboring oncogenic KRAS. Furthermore, AURKA and/or AURKB targeting reduced malignant properties associated with tumor aggressiveness, such as cell migration, invasion and adhesion. Finally, AURKA targeting by RNA interference in A549 cells also reduced growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Nonetheless, since Aurora targeting was associated with mitotic abnormalities and genetic instability, we decided to investigate if targeting TPX2, a substrate and an activator of AURKA, could constitute an alternative approach to targeting this pathway in KRAS-induced lung cancer. First, using our cell-based models, we determined that KRAS positively regulates TPX2 expression. In addition, TPX2 inhibition by RNA interference in KRAS-positive lung cells reduced cell viability and proliferation and induced cell death. Finally, these effects occurred preferentially in cells harboring oncogenic KRAS. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that activation of AURKA/TPX2 and AURKB by KRAS are important events in lung cancer and suggest inhibition of these pathways, possibly in combination with other cytotoxic therapies, as a new approach for KRAS-induced lung cancer therapy


Subject(s)
Oncogenes/genetics , Aurora Kinase A/analysis , Aurora Kinase B/analysis , Carcinogenicity Tests , Cell Survival , /methods , A549 Cells , Lung Neoplasms/complications
3.
J. bras. nefrol ; 36(4): 519-528, Oct-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-731156

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) e o tabagismo são problemas de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar o tabagismo como fator risco para a progressão da DRC. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática nas bases Medline, LILACS, SciELO, Google Acadêmico, Trials.gov e Embase com artigos publicados até fevereiro de 2013. Incluíram-se estudos: tipo coorte, ensaios clínicos e caso-controle. Realizados em seres humanos com idade ≥ 18 anos tendo tabagismo como fator de risco para progressão da DRC. Excluíram-se estudos que não referiam tabagismo e DRC no título ou tinham proposta de combate ao fumo. Resultados: Das 94 citações, 12 artigos foram selecionados. Destes, seis eram multicêntricos realizados em países desenvolvidos e quatro foram aleatorizados. Predominou o sexo masculino 51%-76%. Houve progressão associada ao tabagismo em 11 estudos. Identificou-se que o consumo ≥ 15 maços/ ano aumenta o risco de progressão da DRC. Conclusão: Tabagismo é fator de risco para progressão da DRC. .


Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and smoking are public health problems. Objective: To assess smoking as a risk factor for progression of CKD. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in Medline, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, Embase and Trials.gov with articles published until February/2013. Were included: cohort, clinical trials and case-control. Performed in humans, aged ≥ 18 years with smoking as a risk factor for progression of CKD. We excluded studies that reported no smoking and CKD in the title or had proposed to reduce smoking. Results: Among 94 citations, 12 articles were selected. Of these, six were multicenter conducted in developed countries, four were randomized. Males predominated 51-76%. There was associated with smoking progression in 11 studies. It was found that the consumption ≥ 15 packs/ year increases the risk of progression of CKD. Conclusion: Smoking is a risk factor for progression of CKD. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , /genetics , Gene Amplification , Neoplasm Proteins , Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/genetics , Apoptosis/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics , Oncogenes/genetics
4.
Indian J Cancer ; 2014 Jul-Sep; 51(3): 282-289
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154383

ABSTRACT

Cancer stem cells are a small population of cells in a tumor. They have the ability to self-renew and maintain the tumor. The most apt and accepted hypothesis for tumor development is Cancer Stem Cells. This review focuses on this concept of cancer stem cells, serving their purpose and leading to the development of tumor. There are many cell biomarkers which have been described for the identification and characterization of cancer stem cells. The most prominent of the cellular markers for the detection of cancer stem cells; CD133, CD44, ALDH-1 along with some others have been discussed in detail in this review.


Subject(s)
Genes, Tumor Suppressor/genetics , Neoplasm Metastasis/etiology , Neoplasms/growth & development , Neoplastic Stem Cells/growth & development , Oncogenes/genetics , Precancerous Conditions/etiology
5.
Indian J Hum Genet ; 2014 Jan-Mar ;20 (1): 64-68
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-156635

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: BCR-ABL fusion oncogene is a hallmark of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). It results due to translocation between chromosome 22 and chromosome 9 [t (9; 22)(q34; q11)]. It gives rise to translation of a 210 KDa chimeric protein (p210), leading to enhanced tyrosine kinase activity and activation of leukemogenic pathways, ultimately causing onset of CML. In case of CML, the classic fusions are b2a2 or b3a2, fusing exon 13 (b2) or exon 14 (b3) of BCR, respectively, to exon 2 (a2) of ABL. The type of BCR-ABL transcripts are thought to be have different prognosis and hence useful in clinical decision-making. The frequencies of different fusion oncogenes associated with leukemia can vary in different ethnic groups and geographical regions due to interplay of genetic variation in different ethnic populations, diverse environmental factors and living style. Moreover, earlier relevant studies from our region were carried out in small subset of patients. Therefore, objective of this study was to find out frequencies of different BCR-ABL splice variants in larger subset of CML patients. METHODS: A nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was established to detect BCRABL splice variants in 130 CML patients. Sensitivity of RT-PCR and ability to detect BCR-ABL fusion gene in least possible time was studied. RESULTS: BCR-ABL detection using our optimized RTPCR protocol could be completed in 8 hours, starting from RNA extraction to Gel electrophoresis. Sensitivity of RTPCR assay was of the order of 10−6. Out of 130 Pakistani patients, 83 (63.84%) expressed b3a2 while 47 (36.15%) expressed b2a2 transcript. CONCLUSION: Our RT-PCR was proved to be very quick to detect BCR-ABL fusion oncogene in CML patients within one working day. Because of its sensitivity, it can be used to monitor complete molecular response in CML. BCR-ABL RT-PCR and BCR-ABL splice variants frequency in our study differs from other ethnic groups. It shows that ethnic and geographical differences exist in BCR-ABL splice variant frequency, which may have a profound effect on disease biology as well as implications in prognosis and clinical management of BCR-ABL positive leukemias.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics , Gene Knockdown Techniques/methods , Humans , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Male , Middle Aged , Oncogenes/genetics
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144795

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Mutations in the oncogene and tumour suppressor genes play an important role in carcinogenesis. We investigated the association of p53 and K-ras gene mutation and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) attending a tertiary care hospital in north India. Methods: In total, 348 adult patients [62 GC, 45 PUD and 241 non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD)] who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by rapid urease test, culture, histopathology and PCR. Mutation in the exon 5-8 of p53 gene was analyzed by PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and confirmed by sequence analysis. K-ras gene codon 12 mutation was analyzed by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Overall p53 gene mutation was found in 4.6 per cent of the study population, and its distribution in GC, PUD and NUD was 21, 4.4 and 0.4 per cent, respectively. p53 gene mutation was significantly higher in patients with GC than PUD (P<0.05) and NUD (P<0.001). No difference in p53 gene mutation was observed between H. pylori infected and non-infected individuals. K-ras gene mutation was absent in all the patients. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results show that p53 gene mutation may be associated with gastric carcinogenesis independent to H. pylori infection and absence of K-ras gene mutation questions its role in the pathogenesis of GC and PUD in Indian patients.


Subject(s)
Genes/genetics , Genes, p53/genetics , Genes, ras/genetics , Genes, Tumor Suppressor/genetics , Humans , Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity , India , Infections , Peptic Ulcer , Tertiary Care Centers , Stomach Neoplasms , Oncogenes/genetics , Humans , Mutation
7.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 58(2): 241-249, abr.-jun. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-647229

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, o câncer ganhou uma dimensão maior, convertendo-se em um evidente problema de saúde pública mundial. A Organização Mundial da Saúde estimou que, no ano 2030, podem-se esperar 27 milhões de casos incidentes de câncer e 17 milhões de mortes por câncer. Frente a esse cenário alarmante, a mineração de dados traz métodos e ferramentas capazes de auxiliar na construção de conhecimentos mais incisivos sobre o câncer. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo aplicar cinco métodos tradicionais da mineração de dados à base de dados NCI60, construída com dados oriundos de experimentos de microarray, com níveis de expressão de 1.000 genes agrupados em nove classes de câncer. Método: Foram utilizados neste trabalho os métodos J48, Random Forest, PART , IBK e Naive Bayes, pertencentes ao ambiente Weka, bem tradicionais na mineração de dados. Devido ao baixo número de registros para determinadas classes, utilizou-se, na validação dos resultados obtidos pelos classificadores, o 3-fold cross validation. Resultados: O classificador que obteve a melhor precisão foi o IBK, enquanto os classificadores J48 e PART conseguiram diminuir o conjunto de genes drasticamente, construindo conhecimento de alto nível na forma de árvores ou regras. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho podem ser utilizados como ferramentas que visam a auxiliar no enfrentamento do câncer, podendo ser utilizadas na classificação de novos casos ou para se conhecer, cada vez mais, as relações gene/gene e gene/câncer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Computational Biology , Databases as Topic , Gene Expression , Oncogenes/genetics
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(5): 595-604, mayo 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-553260

ABSTRACT

This article aims to review the most relevant morphological and molecular aspects involved in gallbladder (GB) cancer. In Chile, gallbladder cancer is the main cause of death due to cancer, among women older than 40 years. However, there is almost none information about the morphological changes and the genetic alterations in-volved in the beginning and development of this neoplasia. Two carcinogenic ways have been described. The sequence adenoma-carcinoma is accepted to be less frequent and important. The most important is the sequence where a metaplasia evolves to displasia that progresses to carcinoma in situ and fnally it becomes invasive. This progress requires 10 to 15 years approximately. During this time, a continue progression of injuries have been described. Molecular research studies show genetic anomalies in some genes which are temporary events in preneoplastic injuries of the gallbladder. Some of them even exist before the frst morphological changes, while the expression of tumor suppressor genes like p53, adhesion molecules and oncogenes, among others, can be related to late GB carcinogenesis. The K-ras gene seems to play a role in this neoplasia, mainly in those that present an abnormal biliopancreatic union. The microsatelital instability has been found in a small subset of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The existence of methylation in the promotor gene areas has been related to the cellular proliferation, invasion and metastasis and also in cases of chronic cholecystitis, suggesting that this epigenetic phenomenon represents a crucial early event in GB carcinogenesis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Epigenomics , Gallbladder Neoplasms/genetics , Precancerous Conditions/genetics , Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology , Gallbladder/pathology , Genes, Tumor Suppressor , Metaplasia , Mutation , Oncogenes/genetics , Precancerous Conditions/pathology
10.
Rev. bras. mastologia ; 20(1): 48-54, jan.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-558634

ABSTRACT

O câncer de mama tem origem monoclonal em célula-tronco ou progenitora por meio de mecanismos genéticos (dependentes de lesão no DNA) e epigenéticos (independentes de modificações na sequência do DNA). Através do modelo dos dois eventos nos cromossomos homólogos (teoria de Knudson), é apresentado o processo de inativação de genes supressores para iniciação da carcinogênese mamária tanto no câncer de mama esporádico (não-famíliar) como no hereditário (familiar). São discutidas as mutações genéticas e as alterações epigenéticas que levam ao silenciamento de uma mensagem genética, como a metilação do DNA, modificação nas histonas e microRNA.


Breast cancer originates in monoclonal stem cell or progenitor through genetic mechanisms (dependent DNA damage) and epigenetic (independent of changes in DNA sequence). The model of two events in homologous chromosomes (Knudson's theory) is presented the process of inactivation of tumor suppressor genes for initiation of mammary carcinogenesis both in sporadic breast cancer (non-Family) and in hereditary (familial). It discusses the genetic mutations and epigenetic changes that lead to the silencing of a genetic message, such as DNA methylation, and histone modification in microRNA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Stem Cells/metabolism , Epigenesis, Genetic , Genes, Suppressor , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Oncogenes/genetics , Histones/genetics , MicroRNAs/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
11.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(8): 1288-1295, Nov. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-503312

ABSTRACT

We present two acromegalic patients in which clinical and molecular data are discussed in regard to their ability to predict long term octreotide LAR® therapy response. Case reports: Patient 1: female, 36 years old at diagnosis. Basal GH and IGF-I at diagnosis were 133 ng/mL and 181 percent above the upper limit of reference values (ULRV), respectively. Growth hormone during acute test with subcutaneous octreotide decreased from 133 to 13 ng/mL. Patient started on primary octreotide LAR® therapy (20mg q28 days) and achieved biochemical parameters of disease control after 6 months. Molecular analysis of tumor fragments: gsp +; quantitative analysis of SSTR (somatostatin receptor) and DR (dopamine receptor) mRNA - SSTR2 23954; SSTR5 2407; DR2 total 17016 copies. Patient 2: male, 38 years old at diagnosis. Basal GH and IGF-I at diagnosis were 120 ng/mL and 114 percent ULRV, respectively. Patient underwent non-curative trans-sphenoidal surgery. Post-operative GH and IGF-I were 112 ng/mL and 137 percent ULRV, respectively. Growth hormone during acute test with subcutaneous octreotide decreased from 112 to 7 ng/mL. Octreotide LAR® therapy (20 mg q28 days) was then initiated. After 6 months of treatment, patient did not attain biochemical control of disease and displayed increased tumor volume. Molecular analysis of tumor fragments: gsp not done; quantitative analysis of SSTR and DR mRNA - SSTR2 416; SSTR5 3767; DR2 total 3439 copies. In conclusion, these two cases illustrate how laboratory data can be conflicting as predictors of octreotide LAR® responsiveness and how molecular analysis of tumor fragments can help explain different behaviors in clinically similar patients.


Apresentamos dois pacientes acromegálicos nos quais dados clínicos e moleculares são discutidos quanto à sua capacidade de predizer a resposta a longo prazo ao tratamento com octreotide LAR®. Relato dos casos: Paciente 1: Feminina, 36 anos de idade ao diagnóstico. GH e IGF-I ao diagnóstico 133 ng/mL e 181 por cento acima do limite superior do valor de referência (LSVR), respectivamente. GH durante o teste agudo com octreotide subcutâneo diminuiu de 133 para 13 ng/mL. Foi iniciado tratamento primário com octreotide LAR® (20 mg q28 dias) e a paciente alcançou os parâmetros bioquímicos de controle de doença depois de seis meses. Análise molecular do tumor: gsp +; análise quantitativa do mRNA de SSTR (receptores de somatostatina) e DR (receptor de dopamina) - SSTR2 23.954; SSTR5 2.407; DR2 total 17.016 cópias. Paciente 2: Masculino, 38 anos de idade ao diagnóstico. GH e IGF-I ao diagnóstico 120 ng/mL e 114 por cento LSVR, respectivamente. Paciente foi submetido à cirurgia trans-esfenoidal não-curativa. GH e IGF-I pós-operatórios 112 ng/mL e 137 por cento LSVR, respectivamente. GH durante o teste agudo diminuiu de 112 para 7 ng/mL. Foi iniciado tratamento com octreotide LAR® (20 mg q28 dias). Após seis meses o paciente não alcançou controle bioquímico e apresentou aumento do volume tumoral. Análise molecular do tumor: gsp não estudado; análise quantitativa do mRNA de SSTR e DR - SSTR2 416; SSTR5 3.767; DR2 total 3.439 cópias. Em conclusão, estes dois casos ilustram como dados laboratoriais podem ser conflitantes enquanto preditores de resposta ao tratamento com octreotide LAR® e como a análise molecular de fragmentos do tumor pode ajudar a explicar comportamentos diferentes em pacientes clinicamente semelhantes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Acromegaly/metabolism , Adenoma/drug therapy , Octreotide/therapeutic use , /genetics , Receptors, Somatostatin/genetics , Acromegaly/drug therapy , Adenoma/pathology , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use , Gene Expression , Oncogenes/drug effects , Oncogenes/genetics , Pituitary Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pituitary Neoplasms/pathology , RNA, Messenger/metabolism
12.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 20(2): 63-70, abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-549506

ABSTRACT

El cáncer de la cavidad oral comprende el 30 por ciento de los cánceres de cabeza y cuello, de los cuales el 95 por ciento son carcinoma escamoso. Se han descrito numerosos factores de riesgo y en los últimos años han surgido una serie de moléculas de proliferación celular y de oncógenes en los cuales su expresión podría estar aumentada en los pacientes con cáncer escamoso de la cavidad oral. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar los marcadores de proliferación celular Ki-67 y PCNA y los oncógenes p53, p21 y c-erbB2, en pacientes con carcinoma escamoso localizado en la cavidad oral y correlacionarlo con los factores clínicos y patológicos en el grupo evaluado. A las biopsias de 52 pacientes con carcinoma escamoso de cavidad oral, vistos en el Hospital Oncológico “Padre Machado” entre 1995 y 1999, se les evaluó, con técnicas de inmunohistoquímica, las moléculas de proliferación celular PCNA y Ki-67 y los oncógenes p53, p21 y c-erbB2. La proporción de resultados positivos en inmunohistoquímica fue el siguiente: PCNA 90,4 por ciento, p21 63,5 por ciento, Ki-67 53,8 por ciento, p53 48,1 por ciento y el c-erbB2 con 3,8 por ciento. La permeación vascular y el grado de diferenciación fue significativo en este estudio en correlación con la presencia de p53, p21, c-erbB2, PCNA y Ki-67. El PCNA y p21, fueron los biomarcadores encontrados más frecuentemente. La permeación vascular, el grado histológico tienen relación estadísticamente significativa con todos los biomarcadores en estudio.


The oral cavity cancer account for 30 % of all of head and neck cancers, among which 95 % are squamous cell type carcinoma. There are described many risk factors involved, and in the last few years there is been a wide a series development of cell proliferation molecules and oncogenes, in which can be over expressed in the patients with squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the proliferation cells marker Ki-67 and PCNA and the p53, p21 oncogenes and the c-erbB2 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, localized in oral cavity and his correlation with clinical and pathological factors in the evaluated group. To the biopsies of 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity seen in the Oncology Hospital “Padre Machado” between 1995 and 1999 there were evaluated with immunohistochemestry techniques to determine Ki-67 and PCNA cell-proliferation markers and p53, p21, c-erbB2 oncogenes. The proportion of positive results found were: In the immunohistochemestry: 90.4 % PCNA, 63.5 % p21, 53.8 % Ki-67, 48.1 % p53 and 3.8 % in c-erbB2. In our study, the vascular permeability and the differentiation degree were significant in this study with the correlation of the presence of the p53, p21, c-erbB2, PCNA and Ki-67. The PCNA and p21 were the most common found biomarkers. The vascular permeability and the histological grade show a significant statistic relation with all study biomarkers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , /analysis , Mouth/anatomy & histology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Oncogenes/genetics , /analysis , Alcoholism/etiology , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/analysis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Medical Oncology , Tobacco Use Disorder/adverse effects
13.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 53(2): 77-84, mar.-abr. 2006. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-435459

ABSTRACT

Las evidencias epidemiológicas, virológicas y clínicas demuestran que hay una estrecha asociación entre tipos específicos de HPV y cáncer cervicouterino. La infección por HPV precede el desarrollo de la enfermedad cervical. Los HPV están presentes en las lesiones precursoras. La infección por HPV es una condición necesaria pero no suficiente, se requiere de factores que participan en la oncogénesis cervical. No se conoce la función que ejercen algunos factores asociados. Una pequeña proporción de las infecciones por HPV de alto riesgo desarrollan una neoplasia maligna.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Oncogenes/physiology , Oncogenes/genetics , Papillomaviridae
14.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 49(5): 784-790, out. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-419980

ABSTRACT

Diversas mutações em oncogenes promovem o crescimento tumoral através da indução de atividade de proteínas que normalmente transmitem sinais proliferativos a partir de fatores extracelulares. As proteínas G são uma família de proteínas ligadas ao nucleotídeo guanina que apresentam homologia estrutural e estão amplamente distribuídas em células eucariotas. Elas são constituídas por três sub-unidades (alfa, beta e gama). A sub-unidade alfa apresenta o sítio de ligação ao nucleotídeo guanina e é única para cada proteína G. A proteínas G estão acopladas aos receptores de superfície celular com sete hélices transmembrana com uma grande variedade de efetores intracelulares e segundos mensageiros. Um subgrupo de tumores endócrinos, incluindo os tumores hipofisários secretores de GH e ACTH, nódulos tireoideanos autônomos, tumores adrenocorticais e gonadais, foram associados a mutações somáticas ativadoras em códons altamente conservados das proteínas Gs (Arg201 e Gln227) e Gi (Arg179, Gln205). Estes achados moleculares indicaram que as proteínas G atuam como oncogenes, contribuindo no processo da tumorigênese endócrina em humanos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endocrine Gland Neoplasms/genetics , GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics , GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Oncogenes/genetics
15.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 48(4): 464-479, ago. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-393693

ABSTRACT

Esta revisão descreve as bases moleculares dos adenomas hipofisários com ênfase nos tumores secretores de GH (somatotropinomas). São discutidos os papéis de genes de supressão tumoral (como RB1, MEN-1) e de oncogenes (como gsp, PTTG) na iniciação e progressão destes tumores. A caracterização destes marcadores moleculares pode ajudar na compreensão do comportamento tumoral, auxiliando a conduta terapêutica. Entretanto, apesar dos recentes avanços, ainda não é totalmente conhecida a seqüência de alterações genéticas envolvidas na patogênese destes adenomas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoma/genetics , Adenoma , Growth Hormone , Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics , Pituitary Neoplasms , Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology , Oncogenes/genetics
16.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 3(3): 410-420, 2004. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482168

ABSTRACT

Established cell lines have long been used for in vitro studies of tumor biology, enabling investigators to control growth conditions and to draw important conclusions about the oncogenic microenvironment. However, gene expression behavior in cultured cells may not always reflect the actual in vivo scenario, and analysis derived from such experiments should take into consideration the existing differences between the two environments. We used suppression subtractive hybridization to study transcriptional changes elicited after oncogene transformation and cell line establishment. We found that transcriptional changes elicited in cultured cell lines are in fact representative of late events, and they do not occur early after oncogene transfection or activation. We also determined that a fraction of the transcriptional changes is oncogene specific, whereas other changes are shared between two or more different oncogenes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oncogenes/genetics , Transcription, Genetic/genetics , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics , Blotting, Northern , Gene Expression , In Situ Hybridization , Cell Line/pathology , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
17.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 17(2): 95-106, abr.-jun. 2001. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-296188

ABSTRACT

En las últimas décadas se ha producido un gran avance en el conocimiento de las alteraciones moleculares que participan en la patogenia del cáncer pulmonar. Se ha determinado que esta neoplasia es el producto de un gran número de alteraciones genéticas (estimulando entre 10 y 20) que afectarían a oncogenes recesivos y a genes supresores de tumores. Además, se han establecido patrones de alteraciones genéticas en los diferentes tipos clínico-patológicos de cáncer pulmonar. Este conocimiento se ha aplicado al estudio de las alteraciones genéticas que participan en la progresión de las lesiones precursoras de esta neoplasia y al de sarrollo de métodos de detección precoz y control de pacientes con lesiones precursoras de cáncer pulmonar


Subject(s)
Humans , Genetic Therapy , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Chromosome Deletion , Genes, Tumor Suppressor/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Methylation , Biomarkers, Tumor , Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics , Oncogenes/genetics , Suppression, Genetic/genetics , Telomerase/genetics
18.
Rev. med. (Säo Paulo) ; 80(1): 41-50, jan.-mar. 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-282762

ABSTRACT

O cancer de pulmao e uma das neoplasias de mais alta mortalidade. Biologicamente e a expressao das alteracoes geneticas nas celulas epiteliais das vias aereas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Oncogenes/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Mutation , Cell Cycle/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/pathology
20.
Rev. bras. mastologia ; 10(3): 138-47, set. 2000. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-277429

ABSTRACT

A predisposiçäo hereditária a tumores de mama é responsável por 5 por cento a 10 por cento de todos os casos dessa neoplasia. A maioria desses casos de deve à mutaçöes em dois genes recentemente identificados denominados BRCA-1 e BRCA-2. Entretanto, apesar da baixa incidência desse tumores, o risco cumulativo dessas mulheres e de seus familiares para desenvolvimento de carcinomas de mama e de ovário é muito maior que a populaçäo geral. Por meio de um adequado aconselhamento podemos identificar mulheres com risco elevado de terem herdado essa susceptibilidade, orientá-las e, inclusive, por testes moleculares hoje disponíveis, estratificar o seu risco com muito maior precisäo. Dado ao recente desenvolvimento do campo da quimioprevençäo de tumores mamários, poderemos ainda, no futuro, modular esse risco farmacologicamente para benefício dessas mulheres. Discutir-se-äo, nesse trabalho, as bases da predisposiçäo genética, do aconselhamento e as alternativas para a prevençäo do câncer de mama nessas pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Chemoprevention , Genes, BRCA1 , Genetic Counseling , Oncogenes/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control , Breast/pathology , Follow-Up Studies , Mastectomy , Ovariectomy , Risk Factors
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